Literary Analysis of Dr. Seuss - 1701 Words

Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, is perhaps one of the most beloved childrens authors of the twentieth century. Although he is most famous as an author of childrens books, Geisel was also a political cartoonist, advertisement designer, and film director (Kaplan). He used the power of imagination to produce unforgettable childrens books and helped solve the problem of illiteracy among Americas children. By using his experiences in life as a foundation for most of his books, Theodor Geisel created a unique writing style that incorporated various elements and techniques, enabling his books to appeal to people of all ages. The animated life of Theodor Geisel is evident in his literary masterpieces. He was born on†¦show more content†¦As a noted perfectionist, he would work hours on his childrens books. He once stated, The creative process boiled down to two things Ââ€" time and sweat (qtd. in Krull 39). His writing style remained unchanged throughout his l ifetime; the way he wrote in general was a fill-in-the-blank approach and used whimsical language coupled with artless drawings (Kaplan). In several of his childrens books, Geisel adds more and more tension, building up to the climax only to end in an anticlimactic way. For example, in The Cat in the Hat, suspense increases as the mess the Cat makes becomes unmanageable. The illustrations add to this tension as the childrens mother is set to arrive. However, just before she enters the door, the mess is cleaned and sparkling new (Hurst). Although his writing style has remained unchanged in his years of writing, Dr. Seuss was still able to make reading fun and enjoyable to children. Theodor Geisel was among the first authors to put illustrations equal with text, enabling his readers to follow the action and the story simultaneously (Kaplan). True to his eccentric character and unique perspective, Seuss wanted to draw things as [he] saw them (Kaplan). Surprisingly, he had strict guidelines on how to write childrens books. There was only one illustration per page and nothing could describe anything pictured. That way, children can work out the story from the illustrations.Show MoreRelated Literary Analysis of Dr. Seuss Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pages Literary Analysis of Dr. Seuss Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, is perhaps one of the most beloved children’s authors of the twentieth century. Although he is most famous as an author of children’s books, Geisel was also a political cartoonist, advertisement designer, and film director (Kaplan). He used the power of imagination to produce unforgettable children’s books and helped solve the problem of illiteracy among America’s children. By using his experiences in life as aRead MoreResearch Paper on Dr. Seuss1331 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted my childhood but many children’s childhood. Theodore Seuss Geisel or most commonly known as Dr. Seuss was born on March 2, 1994 and from there the world was changed. Theodore Geisel is a charismatic man who put his lively personality into his fun and lighthearted books like Green Eggs and Ham, The classic Cat in the Hat, and the iconic How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Born on March 2,1904 in Springfield, Massachusetts Theodore Seuss Geisel made his way into the world. His mother Henrietta andRead MoreDr. Seuss’S Long-Lasting Message Surpasses Written Words1513 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Seuss’s Long-Lasting Message Surpasses Written Words Alone Well-written and inspirational literature not only has the ability to carry a reader into another world but they are able to accomplish this feat while simultaneously delivering deep messages that surpass the written text. Children’s literature is sometimes overlooked in terms of reaching these standards and being considered worthy of critical analysis; this genre is often perceived as having juvenile storylines and concepts portrayedRead MoreLiterary Interpretations Of The Sneetches1868 Words   |  8 PagesNicholas Boliard Mendez English Writing 301 12 November 14 Literary Interpretations of The Sneetches - Essay 2 Oh, the exhaustive ways to interpret the expansive wonderland of creativity that is the mind of Dr. Seuss. Most known for his beloved children’s books, Theodor Seuss Geisel, or more commonly, the one and only Dr. Seuss, has contributed to the education of youth for close to 80 years. This includes even after his death, through the continuing legacy of his books. The books have also madeRead MoreEssay on Theodore Geisels Emergence as Dr. Seuss3883 Words   |  16 PagesTheodore Geisels Emergence as Dr. Seuss The appellation , Dr. Seuss, has become a name that often evokes fond memories of a cherished childhood. Entrenched in monotony of gray day when, The sun did not shine./ It was too wet to play, we only had to look at the grinning face of Dr. Seusss famous cat to remind us that there was more to do than wait as time slipped away. There was something appealing in the simple anapestic tetrameter rhythm, coupled with nonsensical words and illustrations

Understanding of Participant Observation Free Essays

Abstract This essay discusses participant observation as a method of collecting anthropological data from the tube. This method allows researchers to gather information through observation and interviewing of individuals who are taking the tube as a means of transportation. Strengths of this method include directly observing how people interact in the tube and writing down this observation for future interpretation. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding of Participant Observation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This method allows observers to use their five senses to interpret data collected from the tube. Limitation of this method includes possible subjectivity of interpretation of data. Introduction This essay will discuss participant observation as a method of collecting anthropological data from commuters in the tube. The discussion part of this essay will explore the strengths and limitations of this method. Discussion Participant observation is an ethnographic method of qualitative studies that allows researchers to observe the sample population in their natural setting (Murchison, 2010). This allows researchers to observe and describe situations using the different senses of the body (Murchison, 2010). Hence, it is said that participant observation is a written photograph of what is happening in the field (DeWalt and DeWalt, 2011). Polit et al. (2013) explains that a detailed description of an event or people’s experiences allow observers to analyse situations exhaustively. In terms of my study, I chose participant observation since I felt it would help me gather relevant data on what is happening in the London Underground. While this type of observation allows for more in-depth observation of events and people’s actions (Muchison, 2010), participant observation has also some limitations. First, there is a need to immerse one’s self in the world inhabited by participant. Thi s is accomplished by taking the tube as a mode of transportation to experience what others are experiencing when taking this transportation. Part of participant observation is to interview people regarding their experiences. This might be a challenge since participants might not be willing to be interviewed while in the tube. It should be noted that there are many commuters in the tube who do not know each other. This might be a challenge when collecting data since participants might be wary of answering questions from a researcher (Hek et al., 2011). Polit et al. (2013) reiterate that participants might not act naturally since they are aware that the researcher is observing them. This presents some bias in the data since behaviour of the participants might not be reflective of their actual behaviour. Meanwhile, reflexivity in data would allow researchers to interpret data according to the perceptions of the participants. Researchers might also bring a degree of bias and subjectivity when they collect data and information from the participants (Murchison, 2010). The researcher’s own perceptions, feelings and knowledge might be used to interpret actions, conversations and expressions manifested by people riding in the tube. There is the risk that interpretation of data becomes highly subjective. However, this could be avoided if the researcher allows participants to confirm findings and inform the researcher whether interpretation of the interviews is accurate. Hek et al. (2011) emphasise that subjectivity could be prevented by objectively interpreting data. This is done through adopting a nonjudgmental attitude, being open and genuinely interested in what participants are saying (Oermann, 2010). This would lead to data that are more reliable since researchers allow participants to verify the findings. In my experience, I adopted a nonjudgmental attitude to help me empathise with what the partic ipants are saying to me. Placing myself in their situation helped me better understand what they are expressing to me during my collection of data. Parahoo (2006) states that it is important to define phenomena and experiences according to the participant’s perceptions. Reflection I felt that I am part of the community of commuters in the tube since I regularly use this as a mode of transportation. I felt that this is an advantage to me since in-depth analysis of the behaviour of the commuters involves immersing one’s self in the actual environment. Hence, my previous experiences commuting in the tube could help me understand what other people might be experiencing while commuting in the tube. I also realised that different people ride the tube and their diverse background could add to the complexity of analysing the cultural behaviour of commuters in the tube. However, I also realised that the ethnographic method would yield valuable information on the general behaviour of commuters in the tube. Finally, ethnographic method was appropriate for my research question since this helped me form an objective and detailed description of what is happening in the tube. Conclusion Participant observation is an effective tool in collecting anthropological data since this allows researchers to immerse in natural settings. This helps researchers collect more reliable data as participants are observed in actual settings. References: DeWalt, K. Dewalt, B. (2011) Participant observation: A guide for fieldworkers. Plymouth, United Kingdom: Rowman Altamira. Hek, G., Judd, M. Moule, P. (2011) Making Sense of Research, 4th ed., London: Sage Publications. Murchison, J. (2010) Ethnography Essentials: Designing, conducting, and presenting your research, London: John Wiley and Sons. Oermann, M.H. (2010) Writing for publication in nursing, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. Parahoo, K. (2006) Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues, 2nd ed., London: Palgrave Macmillan. Polit, D., Beck, C.T. and Hungler, B.P. (2013) Essentials of Nursing Research. Methods, Appraisal and Utilization, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott. How to cite Understanding of Participant Observation, Essay examples

Low Motivation Level In Staffs At Shopsmart-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Low Motivation Level In Staffs At Shopsmart? Answer: Introducation The central node of the mind map indicated about the research problem and this was related to low motivation level in staffs at the Shopsmart whole sale pharmacy. The main research question is related to what are the cause of low motivation in staffs at the pharmacy. The nodes representing the causes of research problem gave idea about the cause of boredom, unpleasant co-workers, poor communication, poor performance castigation, micromanagement, lack of progress, job insecurity and low confidence in leadership (Pinder, 2014). Given below are the details of the research accounting method that will address the research question: Boredom: No innovation and monotonous work routine affects performance of employees (Mitchell 2013). The research by Tolentino et al. (2014) gives more insight into this factor by means of quantitative research method. Unpleasant co-workers: Ng and Feldman (2014) explains that poor vision and no professional goals lead to low morale in staffs. Qualitative research methods by means of systematic review can give detail about the different cause of low motivation. Poor communication: Schiemann (2014) gave the indication that from talent management to talent acquisition, everything is dependent on effective communication. This can be tested by randomized controlled trial in two different groups. Poor performance castigation- Micromanagement: Micromanagement is regarded as a factor for demotivation in staffs because it leads to decreased growth potential. Although it is advantageous in short term situations, however in long term it may lead to low employee morale and high staff turnover (Kumar et al. 2015). The research method to answer this question may include qualitative research method. Lack of progress: Certain factors like poor progress in organization and no planning finanacial to low motivation. Sung and Choi (2014) gives insight importance of growth and development for motivating employees. The effect of this can be tested by survey method and use of appropriate questionnaires. Job insecurity: Job insecurity may occur by several factors such as no promotion or workplace harassment (Mallan, 2013). The effect of this can be studies by survey method. No confidence in leadership: Leadership is the most crucial element that enhances performance of students. This can be understood by Men and Stacks (2013) who explained about employee empowerment through effective leadership style. The effect of different leadership style can be studies by the method of survey and questionnaire to collect data (Kara et al. 2013) Reference Kara, D., Uysal, M., Sirgy, M.J. and Lee, G., 2013. The effects of leadership style on employee well-being in hospitality.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, pp.9-18. Kumar S, Duhan M. and Haleem, A., 2015. Evaluation of factors important to enhance productivity. Cogent Engineering. 2015 Dec 31, 3 (1):1145043 Mallan, M.O., 2013.Impact of dysfunctional conflict in public organization: A case study of COASCO(Doctoral dissertation). Men, L.R. and Stacks, D.W., 2013. The impact of leadership style and employee empowerment on perceived organizational reputation.Journal of Communication Management,17(2), pp.171-192. Mitchell, G., 2013. Selecting the best theory to implement planned change: Improving the workplace requires staff to be involved and innovations to be maintained. Gary Mitchell discusses the theories that can help achieve this. Nursing Management,20(1), pp.32-37. Ng, T.W. and Feldman, D.C., 2014. Subjective career success: A meta-analytic review.Journal of Vocational Behavior,85(2), pp.169-179. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Schiemann, W.A., 2014. From talent management to talent optimization.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.281-288. Sung, S.Y. and Choi, J.N., 2014. Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,35(3), pp.393-412. Tolentino, L.R., Garcia, P.R.J.M., Lu, V.N., Restubog, S.L.D., Bordia, P. and Plewa, C., 2014. Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism.Journal of Vocational Behavior,84(1), pp.39-48

Leadership Workshop free essay sample

It involves establishing a clear vision and sharing it with others so that they will follow willingly. The leader will provide the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision and at the same time will coordinate and balance the conflicting interests of all members involved. Unlike management, leadership cannot be taught, although it may be learned and enhanced through coaching or mentoring. Chain Management leader Leadership is so broad that it encompasses many traits and characteristics but in my opinion I would highlight the 5 main points to achieve Leadership inSupply Chain Management: Empathetic Ethical Good listener Passionate Visionary Being empathetic is a very important characteristic of a good leader and is defined as something that determines the ability to understand one or more persons in any situation, whether professional, social, family etc. One of the most important qualities of empathy is the ability to listen without judgment and thus know and understand the needs of the other person, in other words to be in the shoes of the person you are talking to. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Workshop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This characteristic certainly helps the human being to strengthen relationships ND resolve any difference, as well as also help resolve any problem or simply to advise and direct efficiently. Ethics is defined as an essential characteristic in which it applies and develops all moral principles, also implies sincerity, honesty and love for oneself. It is a powerful tool in leadership because it always wins the respect of society, and generates consistency and freedom to the person who possesses it.The ethics leads us to the conclusion that what really matters is not the work or the specific action but the intention With which it IS done. Good Listener Listener is the person who has the ability to concentrate fully in a conversation in order to decipher easily what the other person wants to communicate. One way to achieve this is that the listener giving feedback in the form of a paraphrased rendition of what has been said by the other party for their confirmation.A listener tends to increase and strengthen the knowledge and thus grow in all aspects, in addition to improve communication skills and concentration. Another important aspect of a good listener is regularly responds according to what the other person is interested, that is answered correctly. Generally a good listener is a good communicator. The word passion, as defined by the dictionary, is defined as any powerful or compelling emotion or feeling, which means that, is the underlying force that fuels our strongest emotions. It fills us with energy and excitement and it heightens our performance.When passion is in force, we are carried away in our experience, losing track of time and effort, and performing difficult tasks almost without effort. Leaders with such passion gladly work countless hours, work against all Odds and obstacles and successfully use their passion to achieve their overall objectives. So before you can inspire and lead others, you must be passionate about your own work. Visionary Visionary is a person who has the ability to clearly see a plan or goal for wanting to fight and he knows that will give added value to his life, the people around him and the world in general.The visionary has a decision and desire to begin their journey as soon as possible because he knows that time is important. One of the most important challenges of the visionary is to define and find the resources needed to achieve the goal, certainly there is time to analyze, as there is a time to make decisions and take action, but somewhere there must be a time for you dare to challenge your current reality, and be able to imagine what today seems difficult to achieve from your current resources and knowledge.Self Rating on the Five Ch aracteristics Most Important Leadership Characteristics for Aledo Guttering Leaders IP Trait 2 3 5 ; Empathetic ; Ethical ; Good listener ; Passionate ; Visionary Five-Point Scale: A great deal of improvement needed Substantial improvement needed Moderate improvement still needed A little more improvement needed No improvement needed Improvement plan for One Leadership Characteristic want to improve and work on being a Visionary.After reading some books, articles, and researchers, attending seminars and taking to people I found out that whether want to be an authentic leader I have to change my life, my way to act, my way to think and so on. In order to do that I started the process sometime ago being willing to change anything in my life, so now it is time to jump to the next step which is to be a visionary. I picked this characteristic because is one of the greatest challenges for me, and also cause I think is one of the most important ability to be developed as a leader.In other words want to be a leader to be more productive, effective and efficient in my life, and contribute and collaborate with my leadership any. Veered I am. My plan to achieve this characteristic is to read more about it, take some courses and seminars relating to, ask questions and observe leaders at work and anywhere even on TV in order to emulate things from them, but most importantly practice, practice and practice everything I will be learning (Be able to experiment, try new things, and take care to nurture my imagination) on this topic.For example, I will check out the program TED talk entitled How Great Leaders Inspire Action by Simon Sink . It will help me clarify my leadership vision. Another resource is the book Creative dervish: Skills That Drive Change by Gerard Puccini. This book covers 7 thinking skills (including visionary). This book will help me put visionary thinking into context as well as develop the supporting skills to bring my vision to fruition. I do not think I can be a visionary to 100% in 1, 2, 10 or 20 years from now, because I think can improve on this field for the rest of my fife, but I want to see much improvement in a year.I will hang in there despite any obstacle and work very hard to accomplish it ASAP. One of my favorite visionaries is Walt Disney who was so persistent in his dream. As my mentor have an opportunity to learn many things from him, for instance how he persevered when things were not working out. He is an inspiration to me to persevere in my goals. My leader profile is very broad but this summarizes my view of one. A strong leader inspires team with their vision of what should happen and supply the main goal, but allow members to choose their own way of reaching it.

Causes of Suicide - Emile Durk essays

Causes of Suicide - Emile Durk essays The causes of suicide (especially in males) will try to be explained by using the theories of Emile Durkheim and numerous other ideas by familiar sociologists. Modern approaches to the study of suicide are preoccupied by the idea of 'risk' factors but it is argued that this approach does little to advance the understandings of suicide rates. Durkheim provided a realist theory. By contrast modern approaches to the study of suicide which talk of 'risk factors' (Bluementhal Charlton, 1993; Davison 'Risk theory' has become the dominant framework within which approaches to the study of suicide are currently framed but it offers little insights into the phenomena. Durkheim however, knew about altruistic suicide deriving from over-integration (Durkheim, 1952, p 171). He offers a theory that might account for it. Risk theory presents us with lists of pre-existing conditions which provide circumstances in which suicides are more likely to occur. Suicide rates for men and women in Canada followed similar trends throughout much of this century until the early 1970's when they diverged. Rates reduced during both the First and Second World Wars, rose during the depression of the nineteen thirties and rose again, unsteadily, with post war economic growth to a peak in the nineteen sixties (World Health Statistics Annual). All these fluctuations are as Durkheim could have predicted. The significant resulting trend has been the gender divergence with young male suicide rates climbing steadily since that time and women's declining. Overall rates show that suicide is currently five times as common in men as in women in Canada (World Health Statistics Annual 1993 and 1994, 1994 and 1995). Given that the suicide rates among young men in Canada and the US have risen disturbingly in recent years the question that is being asked is why? In both countries it seems as if...

Best Quotes for Toasting Your Wedding Anniversary

Best Quotes for Toasting Your Wedding Anniversary Wedding anniversaries can be almost as important as weddings, particularly when the anniversary is a big one (10th, 20th, 25th, and so forth). Some anniversaries are celebrated with big parties, while others are small, private events. If youre half of a happy couple celebrating their anniversary or have been invited to give a  wedding anniversary toast to the wonderful companionship and undying love that a special couple shares, you may be stuck looking for the right words. Here are a few quotes that should help you create the perfect wedding anniversary toast that commemorates a perfect love. Quotes for Anniversary Toast Examples What can you say about your husband or wife that truly captures your feelings and their spirit? Luckily, some of the worlds great thinkers and writers have come up with just the right words. Emily Bronte Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same. Mother Teresa I have found the paradox, that if you love until it hurts, there can be no more hurt, only more love. Somerset Maugham We are not the same persons this year as last; nor are those we love. It is a happy chance if we, changing, continue to love a changed person. Elizabeth Barrett Browning You were made perfectly to be loved - and surely I have loved you, in the idea of you, my whole life long. Julia Child The secret of a happy marriage is finding the right person. You know theyre right if you love to be with them all the time. Zane Grey Love grows more tremendously full, swift, poignant, as the years multiply. Quotes for Friends and Relatives Youve been invited to an anniversary event, and you want (or have been invited) to make a toast. Whats the right blend of humor and sincerity to celebrate someone elses love?  Here are ideas that run the gamut from snarky to sincere. Robert A. Heinlein May you live as long as you wish and love as long as you live. ​H. L. Mencken Strike an average between what a woman thinks of her husband a month before she marries him and what she thinks of him a year afterward, and you will have the truth about him. Simone Signoret Chains do not hold a  marriage  together. It  is threads, hundreds of tiny threads which sew people together through the years. Doug Larson More marriages might survive if the partners realized that sometimes the better comes after the worse. Rebecca Tilly The middle years of marriage are the most crucial. In the early years, spouses want each other and in late years, they need each other. R. H. Delaney Love builds bridges where there are none. Elben Bano Love that is true never grows old. Khalil Gibran It is wrong to think that love comes from long companionship and persevering courtship. Love is the offspring of spiritual affinity and unless that affinity is created in a moment, it will not be created for years or even generations.

Small Business Planning and Entrepreneurship Essay

Small Business Planning and Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Thus, the entrepreneurial mindset add value in the business environment through turning problems into opportunities where the common mindset may not perceive any solution to such problems, considering that if the solutions to the problem were obvious, then, the problems would already have been resolved (Gerber, 2012:n.p.). The GET results indicate that an individual scoring highly in the need for achievement criteria as forward thinking, optimistic, self sufficient and results oriented. In this respect, this entrepreneurial mindset is essential to add value to the business environment, through establishing and sustaining a positive attitude regardless of the challenges that might be faced by the business (Whiteman, 2003:77). The concept of optimism means that the entrepreneur still keeps a positive attitude even when there are numerous negative voices that say it cannot be done. While a common mindset will yield to pessimism and give up on trying, the entrepreneurial mindset is unrelenting and keeps forging ahead with seeking solutions for the existing problems (Anders & Lois 2005:33). Therefore, as opposed to a business owner or a manager, creating a business for an entrepreneur is like writing a book, considering that for an entrepreneur, the business created is not merely a business, but something that has a meaning, and which drives the entrepreneur to continue pursuing the vision, even when it is apparent that there are high risks for the business failure (Gerber, 2012:n.p.). According to the Schumpeter’s innovation theory of entrepreneurship, an entrepreneur is that individual who perceives the opportunity to innovate, thus taking a different path from the normal path trodden by the society, in meeting the same societal need (McCraw, 2007:72). The entrepreneur will chart entirely new paths through which the problems within the

TAE40110 CERTificate IV in Training and Assesment Essay

TAE40110 CERTificate IV in Training and Assesment - Essay Example d – and place at the top of your portfolio CANDIDATE to complete this section Name: Slobodanka Vukcevic Address: Unit 218 /285-305 Centre rd Bentleigh Phone: Daytime: 0432541803 Evening:  Email address: sandramisticna@hotmail.com Company name:  Training date(s):  Training location:  Trainer name:  Assessment deadline:  Date submitted:  Candidate declaration—By signing below, I declare that: ? I have been advised of the assessment requirements, have been made aware of my rights and responsibilities as an assessment candidate, and choose to be assessed at this time ? this workplace project is my own and contains no material written by another person except where due reference is made. I am aware that a false declaration may lead to the withdrawal of a qualification or statement of attainment. Signed: ___Slobodanka Vukcevic_______________________________________ Date: 16 10 2011 ASSESSOR to complete this section Name of assessor:  Date portfolio received:  Date portfolio review completed:  Result summary (details over) First attempt (tick correct result): C  NYC  Second attempt (if needed): C  NYC  Assessment Results Candidate name: Slobodanka Vukcevic Assessor name:  1st SUBMISSION (if needed) 2nd SUBMISSION Result Result TAEASS301A Contribute to assessment  TAEASS401A Plan assessment activities and processes  TAEASS402A Assess competence  TAEASS403A Participate in assessment validation  Comments 1st submission . (if needed) 2nd submission  Assessor sign-off 1st submission Assessor Signature: Date: 14 10 11 2nd submission Assessor Signature: Date:  Feedback to candidate (assessors, tick appropriate box below)  This page copied and given to candidate as an assessment report.  A separate report was prepared and given to the candidate (attached)  Feedback was provided to the candidate in another form (explain): TAEASS301A Contribute to assessment 1. Clarify role and responsibilities in the assessment proce ss 2. Confirm organisational arrangements for evidence gathering 3. Collect evidence in accordance with assessment plan 4. Record and report findings. TAEASS401A Plan assessment activities and processes 1. Determine assessment approach 2. Prepare the assessment plan 3. Develop assessment instruments. TAEASS402A Assess competence 1. Prepare for assessment 2. Gather quality evidence 3. Support the candidate 4. Make the assessment decision 5. Record and report the assessment decision 6. Review the assessment process. TAEASS403A Participate in assessment validation 1. Prepare for validation 2. Contribute to validation process 3. Contribute to validation outcomes.  Introduction to the assessment tasks Overview The assessment tasks you are asked to complete are divided into three broad categories:  The tasks at a glance and competency gap Competency standards addressed Name and summary of task TAEASS-301A TAEASS-401A TAEASS-402A TAEASS-403B Assessment tasks Short answer questions ? ? ? ? Project 1: (formative

Reporting Abuses Essay Example for Free

Reporting Abuses Essay Every child must be protected from harm because it can cause many negative effects like trauma, physical and psychological disorders and any other illness that may effect their growth. So, the government makes a law that helps the child from being abused. This law can be found on Penal Code Section 11164 – 1174.4.3 (California Child Abuse and Neglect Law, 2007). This law aims to protect children and to give the rights of every child. This law also states that failure to report any abuses will consider a crime. In this way, everyone will be aware that they have the responsibility to protect every child, even if you don’t know them (California Child Abuse and Neglect Law, 2007). There are several cases of child abuse in our society but with the help of other people, it has been stopped like the story of Jenny (not her real name). She is a 4 year-old girl that lives with her father. Her mother was in the other country to work. Jenny was abused by his father and the poor little kid can’t do anything. One concerned neighbor report this incident. She reports all the maltreatment Jenny’s father do. Jenny’s father was caught and the child was claimed by the social welfare society until her mother arrives. Now, Jenny is living with her mother and her father was still in jail. This incident is an example of child protection. Jenny’s neighbor, even though she never knew her, helps Jenny and gives her the right to enjoy childhood. Based on Ethical Standards of Human Service Professionals, we must protect them from any harm. We must guide, educate, and provide them what they need for them to grow physically, psychologically and socially normal (Ethical Standards of Human Service Professionals, 1996). Reporting child abuses doesn’t mean that you won’t get any protection. The law also states that any reporters will get the protection needed to protect them. In this way, the concerned people won’t be afraid of reporting anyone who commits this crime. Their identity will remain confidential and they will have immunity for civil and criminal liability. The government also ensures that every report is true because if it is false, the reporter will suffer the consequences (The Code of Ethics and Good Practice for Childrens Sport in

Business Letter of Reference :: Business Reference Letters

October 11, 2014 2987 Strawberry Lane Suite 1555 Somewhere, ST 01234 To Whom It May Concern: RE: Customer Reference - Cool Arts Inc. I have been asked to write this letter of reference because our company will no longer be operating its printing plant that has served Cool Arts Inc. for more than two decades. Cool Arts has been one of our top customers for the past 22 years. Accordingly, I have no hesitation in recommending them as a company with which to do business. In addition to doing business with his company for many years, I have known the president and founder of Cool Arts, Pablo Picasso, for over 25 years. We were classmates and teammates at Somewhere University in the mid 1970s. Knowing him for so long I am quite comfortable in vouching for him as a great individual as well as a concerned and active citizen in this community. As far as a company to do business with, Cool Arts Inc. is one of the best that we have ever dealt with. Its practice has always been to pay our printing invoices within the 30-day time limit. We did significant amounts of business, especially during the past 8 years, and I cannot recall a late-payment situation involving the company. Billing disputes were rare, and those only required some minor additional documentation for clarification and resolution. Cool Arts was one of the best companies that I have ever dealt with from a change-order and work scheduling perspective. We maintained close communication with the company's production people and they always kept us apprised of their upcoming workload. Thus, scheduling jobs on our presses was never a problem.

Low Voter Turnout in the United States Essay

Throughout American history, there has been a steady decline in voter turnout. Not only has this been â€Å"humiliating† for the United States, low voter turnout has been and always will be a threat to American Democracy. The concept of democracy is dependent on citizens actively participating in elections and voting to select representatives for public office. The government cannot be representative of the people, unless the people elect its representatives. Voter turnout is a major indicator of how citizens view their electoral system, and whether or not they believe that the system is working. There are numerous factors that impede voter turnout, including: citizens’ political attitudes, demographic factors, and the structure of the electoral system. The established registration process is one of the main causes of low voter turnout in the United States. Unlike many democracies, â€Å"the United States places the burden of registration on the individual† (Vanishing Voter, 7). There are no penalties for citizens that do not register or vote in American elections. Some propose that requiring citizens to vote and imposing penalties on those who fail to do so will increase voter turnout. The dilemma with this proposal is that it is fundamentally undemocratic. Citizens of democratic societies are promised the right to vote. In guaranteeing the right to vote, citizens are guaranteed the right not to vote as well. There are better solutions to the problem of low voter turnout in the United States than enacting compulsory voting laws. America has not established a national system of automatic registration; procedures for voter registration differ from state to state. A universal system of voter registration would make it much more simple for people to vote. The problem with this solution is that automatically registering people to vote does not imply that they will actually go out and vote. Six states have enacted a good solution, same day registration, which has been proven to increase voter turnout anywhere from 10 to 17 percent (Donovan, 182). Same day voter registration allows qualified citizens to register to vote on the day that elections are held. Because many states do not allow same day registration, many Americans do not take the time and effort to register in the first place; same day registration helps to solve this  problem. The registration process and electoral system also creates a problem of convenience. Not only is the registration process inconvenient, Election Day itself is problematic. Election day is held on a Tuesday, impeding the majority of the population from voting due to work-related duties and responsibilities. The solution for this problem is to make Election Day a national holiday. If citizens did not have the responsibility to be at work, they would be much more likely to find time and take the effort to go out and vote. Other solutions have been offered, including: extending the voting period, enacting absentee ballot systems, and voting by mail. While all of these other solutions have made it easier, cheaper and more convenient for citizens to vote, the costs do not fully outweigh the benefits. In any kind of early voting solution, the biggest concern is that early voters vote without knowing all of the significant information needed to make a well-informed vote. Many occurrences and revelations come at the end of the campaigns and can no longer influence voters that have already voted and cannot change their selection. A voter’s political attitude is the biggest indicator of whether or not he or she will vote. â€Å"Interest in the election, concern over outcome, feelings of civic pride, and political efficacy [all] affect how people vote† (Wayne, 83). Throughout American history, there has been a decline in partisan identification. Party allegiance is a stimulus for voting. Since citizens are not as loyal to partisanship as they were in the past, they have less incentive to actually go out and vote in elections. â€Å"As a group, independents are 12 percent less likely to vote than are strong partisans† (Wayne, 83). Along with the decline in party identification, interest in political campaigns has been declining steadily overtime as well. In today’s society, politics is forced to compete with so many other things in the media or at home for people’s attention. Media audiences are more interested in human-interest and celebrity stories than they are in politics. Because of this, election coverage in the media has greatly declined. The media’s coverage of the election is dominated by the use of  negative advertising and attack journalism. The frequent use of negative advertising in the media has played a role in America’s declining voter turnout. These negative advertisements repel potential voters; causing them to lose interest in the political campaign. Along with negative advertising, the lack of competition between candidates has also decreased political interests and led to low voter turnout. Low political efficacy has greatly reduced voter turnout in the United States. Voter efficacy is the belief that one’s vote counts and that voters can change the way government works or public officials behave (Wayne, 83). There are many factors affecting voter efficacy, including education and income. Income plays a major role in voter turnout. With the expansion of poverty in the United States, the gap between the rich and the poor is steadily growing. Citizens of lower income typically have lower voter efficacy. They are also less concerned with the outcome of the election than citizens of higher income levels, therefore, many of these people simply choose not to vote because they feel that they will not be affected by the outcome of the election. Income, education, and likelihood to vote are all positively correlated; more educated citizens have higher income levels and are much more likely to vote. Education is the greatest influence on voting behavior. â€Å"It provides people with the skills for processing and evaluating information; for perceiving differences among the parties, candidates, and issues; and for relating these differences to personal values and behavior† (Wayne, 83). The more educated a citizen is, the more interested they are in the election and the more concerned they are with the outcome. Educated citizens also have a great sense of civic pride and higher voter efficacy. All of these factors combined lead to a much higher likelihood of a person to actually turnout and vote. To increase political education, some propose conducting citizen education campaigns. The goal of these campaigns is to educate the people on the benefits and responsibility involved with voting. The main problem with this solution is that it is easier said than done. It is very hard to persuade  nonvoters to take the time and make the effort to educate themselves on the reasons why they should vote. A better way to increase education and voter turnout is to encourage grassroots campaigns. These â€Å"get-out-the-vote† campaigns help motivate interest in elections with nonvoters and can influence them to vote, increasing voter turnout. Neither conducting citizen education campaigns nor encouraging grassroots campaigns can promise an increase in voter turnout, but both can help influencing citizens to vote and possibly lead to higher voter turnout in the United States. Low voter turnout is a big problem in the United States. According to Wayne, â€Å"Low turnout suggests that people may be alienated, lack faith in the candidate and parties, think that the government is and will remain unresponsive to their needs and interests, and believe that they cannot achieve change through the electoral process† (Wayne, 85). The voter turnout problem is very hard to solve because low voter turnout itself leads to less voting. The numerous factors that impede voter turnout include: citizens’ political attitudes, demographic factors, and the structure of the electoral system. Some of the impediments are structural, but the most influential impediments are caused by other factors, such as the media, political campaigns, and the American citizens. Overall, the benefits of increasing voter turnout greatly outweigh the costs of doing so. While some proposed solutions may work better than others, it is most important to change voter’s attitudes about politics and make it more convenient for American’s to both register and vote. Higher voter turnout will reverse the relentless cycle of low voter turnout and help lead to a more representative democracy. Bibliography 1. The Road to the White House 2008. 8th edition. Stephen J. Wayne. 20082. Reforming the Republic: Democratic Institutions for the New America. Todd Donowan and Shaun Bowler. 2004

How the Beatles Changed a Generation

Ali GreerResearch PaperHST 367 How One Band Changed a Generation The 1960’s is a decade remembered for its counterculture, social revolution and an emergence of a new kind of popular culture. If you asked me what my first thoughts were when I hear the decade 1960s, I automatically think about the Beatles. Has a decade ever had such a defining musical group that represents not only a shift to more rebellious music such as Rock n Roll, but an influence so great that they are still talked about to this day?The Beatles not only changed music but they affected culture in ways that had not been challenged by a musical group before. I asked my mom what she remembers about the Beatles. She was only 6 when they performed on the Ed Sullivan Show but she still remembers. She said that, â€Å"The Beatles didn’t define a generation, they created one†. The first way that the Beatles challenged everyday popular culture was that the fact that they were British. Before the Beatle s traveled across â€Å"the pond†, the U. S. had been a tough break for aspiring British pop groups.The Beatles wanted to teach the world that pop music could be intelligent and that British groups could do that just as well as American music groups. Some could argue that the Beatles did not start a phenomenon, they somehow perfected the cultural significance of 1950’s musicians before them like Buddy Holly and Elvis Presley. Before settling with their signature rock sound, The Beatles started in the Skiffle genre, a type of music with jazz, blues and roots influences. By 1960, Lennon wanted to move away from Skiffle to more of a Rock n Roll sound.Lennon and McCartney perfected their writing skills and relied less and less on on outside material. This was a groundbreaking ideal in the music industry and it had a lasting impact on culture. It urged other big name music acts such as the Rolling Stones to start writing their own music. Lennon and McCartney would eventuall y become one of the most famous songwriting partnerships in music history. The Beatles first appeared on American television on February 9, 1964 on The Ed Sullivan Show. 40 % of the country, about 73 million viewers tuned in to see Paul, John, George and Ringo perform for the first time in America.This is still considered one of the most important moments in television history. Now one may ask, how did so many people know about this little band from Britain? The record I Want to Hold Your Hand was leaked in advance to American radio stations. The record label could not prevent DJs from the playing the record therefore the album was officially released on December 26, 1963. 250,000 copies were sold in the first three days of its release. It’s unclear who actually leaked the record beforehand, but this publicity stunt was hugely successful for the Beatles.Mobs of people were waiting for the Beatles when they arrived at JFK airport. When asked how did you find America, Ringo Sta rr jokingly said â€Å"Turn left at Greenland. † The media took to covering this frenzy as best as it could. Newsweek printed an article on February 24 ,1963 reviewing the Beatles’ performance on The Ed Sullivan Show. The last paragraph ended with this, â€Å"the odds are they will fade away, as most adults confidently predict. † No one could predict the upcoming effects that the Beatles would have on American culture. The Beatles had arrived in America during a confusing time.President Kennedy had been assassinated just a few months prior, the threat of a war in Vietnam was eminent and Americans needed something new. And the Beatles were just what they needed. They rejuvenated pop music for Americans. They were seen as modern and sleek. â€Å"Beatlemania was so strong because the times and the youth of America were simpler and more naive. † This simplicity of society would play a big role in the Beatles influence on culture because it would allow them to change their style so freely without doubt from the nation.Society would accept it as popular no matter what. When the Beatles arrived in America, parents of teenagers hated them. They hated their relationship themed lyrics, their sex appeal, etc. The Beatles influenced a generation to not do what their parents told them to and helped Rock n Roll gain its rebellious reputation. Naturally, The Beatles are best known for their music. Not only did they have a large number of hit songs, but their music also evolved very rapidly through the group's brief career, embarking on territory not previously explored by pop music groups.Released in 1967, â€Å"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band† was a huge breakthrough album in pop music with its use of orchestras, harpsichords, circus sounds and other effects that were largely created in the studio. No longer did pop groups just have to be guitars, a bass, drums and vocals — nor were they limited to what could be performed live . The Beatles still influence music years after their breakup. â€Å"Beatlesque† is â€Å"a term used by critics to describe music that has one or more traits or characteristics of the music made by the Beatles. There are also hundreds of Beatles tribute bands out there paying tribute to the Fab 4. â€Å"The Beatles sold a lot of records not because they were the greatest musicians but simply because their music was easy to sell to the masses: it had no difficult content, it had no technical innovations, it had no creative depth. They wrote a bunch of catchy 3-minute ditties and they were photogenic†. The Beatles were immensely popular during the 1960s and they helped feminize a culture. The baby boom began in 1946 and ended in 1964 which meant that ? f the nation’s population was in the teen or pre teen bracket. When the the Beatles appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, hundreds of teenage girls were lined up, screaming. An important factor to Beatlemania was the fans. There was something slightly feminine about the Beatles. Their slightly tousled hair, their tailored suits. The Beatles had the perfect mix between masculinity and femininity. The Beatles persistent feature of women and love in their songs left teenage girls swooning and a culture that was more sexually driven than ever.As Steven Stark points out in his book Meet The Beatles, they also â€Å"challenged the definition that existed during their time of what it meant to be a man. †   Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Beatles were not only selling records, they were selling trends. † Featured in the Time All Time 100 Fashion Icons, the Beatles were always evolving when it came to style. You could say that it’s normal for musicians to change their appearance to keep up with society and the latest trends. The Beatles were the trend. Whatever they did, society copied. When the Beatles first traveled to America, they wore black collarless suits.They even popularized a haircut called the â€Å"moptop† The moptop was a straight cut, collar length in the back and over the ears on the sides. The public went crazy for this cut. McCartney writes in a letter, â€Å"George explained in a 60s interview that it was John and I having our hair cut in Paris which prompted him to do the same†¦. We were the first to take the plunge. † The Beatles were not afraid of taking risks. They took what they liked from popular culture and took it to a new extreme. Towards the end of Beatlemania, the Beatles embraced more of a psychedelic style, with bright patterns and colors.They even let their signature hairstyles grow out and even experimented with facial hair. John Lennon even established his own trend, wearing tea shade glasses which ended up being called â€Å"Lennon† glasses. The Beatles were not hesitant when it came to change, even when it dealt with changing their own fads and this is important to their success as culture icons. The Beatles di d not merely stay in the music industry. They dabbled in the movie business too. Their film, Yellow Submarine was a colorful trendsetter in the world of animation. Producers used techniques that had never been used before.Although Yellow Submarine was produced on a small budget, the film was met with mostly positive reviews. Talking about the film, Time Magazine stated that it, â€Å"turned into a smash hit, delighting adolescents and esthetes alike†. The aftermath of Yellow Submarine was that animation was being taken as a more serious form of art. Previously, animation had been described as silly or goofy. The Beatles changed this perspective. Josh Weinstein, a former writer for the animated series The Simpsons wrote an article describing how Yellow Submarine affected modern animation today.Weinstein states, â€Å"Without Yellow Submarine there would never have been The Simpsons, no Futurama, no South Park, no Toy Story, no Shrek No animated anything that enables us to lau gh at ourselves while being highly entertained. †   As you can see, The Beatles accomplishments in popular culture are still talked about today. The religious allure of the Beatles was a vital factor in allowing the group to endure. John Lennon was onto something in 1966 when he compared the group’s popularity with that of Jesus Christ.Multitudes flocked to them and even brought sick children to see if the Beatles could somehow heal them. Thus, those who have seen elements of religious ecstasy in Beatlemania are not wrong. â€Å"Religion, it must not be forgotten, has its roots in spiritual bonding. And the Beatles had a powerful appeal to a generation in calling forth a spiritual bonding. It was so intoxicating that it created mass hysteria. In this way, the Beatles—especially with their elevation to a kind of sainthood—have become modern counterparts to the religious figures of the past†.John Lennon once stated that, â€Å"The Beatles are more popular than Jesus† and this remark caused quite the controversy in the United States. It led to fans to protest the band and to burn their albums. This was different than the attitudes of society during Beatlemania. Society was actually challenging something the Beatles did. This was a momentous event because it showed that the Beatles were immune. They made mistakes too. They didn’t have a perfect image. But that lack of perfect image was the catalyst to the Beatles success. Society saw the Beatles as four men trying to change he face of music. The Beatles did not only influence religion, but political views as well. Lennon in an interview to Rolling Stone talks about the song â€Å"Revolution†, â€Å"I had been thinking about it up in the hills in India. I still had this ‘God will save us' feeling about it, that it's going to be all right (even now I'm saying ‘Hold on, John, it's going to be all right,' otherwise, I won't hold on) but that's why I did it, I wanted to talk, I wanted to say my piece about revolution. I wanted to tell you, or whoever listens, to communicate, to say ‘What do you say? This is what I say. † Revolution was the Beatles first overtly public political song. Revolution dealt with the War in Vietnam. New Left publications called the song a â€Å"betrayal†. Besides it blatant political undertones, Revolution went on to become a hit single. The Beatles were and still are so successful because of their infiltration of different media outlets. Music, television, movies, magazines, radio, etc. They knew that they needed not only to sell music but to sell a legacy. The Beatles influenced a whole generation during the 1960s and they are still influencing new generations to this day.This multi decade success is a clear example of their powerful grasp on American culture during the 1960s. Bibliography http://www. guardian. co. uk/film/2012/nov/19/beatles-yellow-submarine-simpsons-shrek http:// www. edsullivan. com/artists/the-beatles/ http://www. beatles-tribute-band-uk. co. uk/history. htm http://www. time. com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2110513_2110627_2110708,00. html http://www. scaruffi. com/vol1/beatles. html#sgt http://beatle. wordpress. com/2008/08/23/history-the-beatles-started-a-revolution-that-changed-us-all-forever/ http://www. thebeatles. com/

Rite, Write, Right, Wright

Rite, Write, Right, Wright Rite, Write, Right, Wright Rite, Write, Right, Wright By Maeve Maddox Here are four frequently misspelled words that your computer Spell Check wont catch. A rite is a ceremonial act. Ex. Catholics celebrate the rite of the Mass. A boys first haircut is a rite of passage. The form write is the present tense form of the verb to write. Ex. Please write me a letter. The past participle form written is also often misspelled, but your spell checker will catch writen. The word right is spelled with three-letter i, i.e., igh. Ex. Citizens have the right to assemble. Go two blocks and then turn right. He always thinks hes right and everyone else is wrong. The word wright is from an Old English word meaning worker or maker. A wheelwright makes wheels. A shipwright makes ships or boats. The word is more common now in a literary sense. One who writes plays is a playwright. A related word is wrought. When Samuel Morse demonstrated his telegraph, his first message was What hath God wrought! The word wrought is an archaic past tense form of work. Used transitively, work has various meanings, including to bring about, to prepare, to fashion. Ex. He worked his will on the gullible crowd. She worked her initials into the embroidery design. One more note on the word wrought. Sometimes spelled wrot, this is the word that refers to iron that has been shaped by hand. You may, for example, have some wrought-iron lawn furniture or a wrought-iron gate. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 101Do you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?Drama vs. Melodrama

5 Myths about an Essay Writer Who Does Model Papers for You

5 Myths about an Essay Writer Who Does Model Papers for You 5 Myths about an Essay Writer Who Does Model Papers for You Have you ever wondered what an essay writer has in terms of qualifications? Many students are curious about hiring an essay writer but they are hesitant because of the many myths out there relating to the services they provide. There are 5 myths which will be debunked for you about an essay writer who does model papers for you: All Writers Are from India While it is true that there are many writers from India who handle model papers on behalf of students, not all writers come from that area. In fact, many writing services allow students to choose between native speakers and non-native speakers. Native speakers are generally more expensive while non-native speakers are cheaper. Those who fall under the category of non-native writers do not come necessarily from India but might be from Pakistan, Bangladesh, or Kenya. These are all popular places for non-native speakers to work online. Essay Writers Have Bad English It is not fair to state that any writer you select online will have bad English. There are many who do, but you need to carefully choose a custom writing service with good reviews, good feedback, good experience, and writers who have an extensive resume as a part of the company. Writers, who have extensive experience in the academic field, and positive feedback from happy clients, will have good English skills and are typically native speakers. Writers Don’t Make Any Changes This is not necessarily true. It happens with bad services and companies which fail to offer comprehensive and experienced providers. But those companies which are good will make changes if you ask them, and, in fact, many services have substantial revision policies as a part of the original agreement which means that a custom writer is required to provide you with the revisions you want. Writers Give Pre-Written Essays If you select a good writing service as well as a great writer, they will make sure that you get a high quality essay which has been written from scratch. Essay Writers Take Little Money for Their Work If you really want an experienced writer, you will have to pay for the cost of high quality work. If you are paying a cheap price, it is probably for a pre-written essay. So be prepared to get high quality work at a price. That being said, there are many writing services which offer custom essay writers who are qualified, provide unique papers, and speak English as their native language. It is really up to you to search for the best companies available based on reputation and experience before you hand over your payment for a model paper.

Social Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Media - Research Paper Example Social media network can be used as an effective tool to promote and market different destinations around the world and to increase awareness in the minds of the people. This paper explains  the importance of  social media network. Effective use of social media networks can help the destination marketing organizations and other hospitality and tourism organizations in attracting the  maximum  number of potential travelers. These social media websites  can be  used as a marketing tool in promoting different destinations. This paper analyzes the different strategies implemented by both DMOs and Non-DMOs through social media websites. It is important to understand that how hospitality and tourism industry is using this social medium to create an impact in the minds of their customers. This paper explains the use of social media networks by DMOs and Non-DMOs and their presence on social media websites. Few examples of DMOs and Non-DMOs are explained in the form of screenshots for the better understanding of their activities, popularity and other marketing campaigns on well known social media networks. Furthermore, the paper concludes on reco mmendations and suggestions that how these DMOs and Non-DMOs can improve their marketing activities on social media networks and how they can attract more people through this widely spread platform. Social Media provides a medium or a platform for social interaction. Social media is facilitated with different tools for technological communication that has changed the shift of traditional communication into a more interactive one (Kietzmann et.al, 2011). Over the years, social media has changed the way of communication between different individuals, organizations and communities. In this age of globalization, social media provides an ease in communication and interaction among different individuals belonging from different parts of the world with different cultural

How online newspaper reporting will influence the adjustment of Literature review

How online newspaper reporting will influence the adjustment of foreign policy in democratic and autocratic countries - Literature review Example There are two major aspects that may define the extent to which the media influence the foreign policy making process. First, the level of direct knowledge that the public has on the agenda of the foreign policy discussion determines the level of media influence on the formulation of foreign policy (Croteau & Hoynes, 1997:54). This is because; under circumstances where the public has a high level of knowledge in relation to the agenda, such as the existence of a foreign crisis that the public is aware of, such an agenda is likely to generate a high level of public opinion that demands that the policy formulators must pay attention to the views and feelings of the public, regarding the policy (Altschull, 1984:32). For example, where a country is to enter into a foreign trade agreement with other foreign nations relating to the exploitation of a country’s resources, the media plays the role of informing the public, which in turn raises a public opinion that demands the ear of th e policy formulators. On the hand, where the foreign policy agenda is an issue that the public has little or no direct knowledge about, the media plays the role of publicizing the issue, so that the public becomes aware of the existence of such a policy agenda, and thus raises its opinion. Secondly, the nature of the effect that the policy agenda will directly have on the people also defines the level of media influence on the foreign policy making process (Graber, 2006:937).

Thesis statement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thesis statement - Coursework Example Subsequently, it is implied that the issue can be regarded from different perspectives since both negative and positive effects of games were detected. However, all available researches and conclusions of authors remain contradictory and mutually exclusive. From one side, video games are said to promote violence and aggressive behavior and a hindrance to academic achievements. From another, video games can be used to promote versatile development. While developing an argument, I can support my thesis resorting to the recent scientific articles that uncover the list of positive effects of playing video games. Today, there is a sufficient number of credible research articles that can be used to scientifically back up the given thesis statement. Among the relevant points that should be included can be named promoting cognitive skills, training memory, sensory perception, attention, and spatial resolution. (Granic, Lobel & Engels, 2014) Apart from that, games often demand a high level of logical thinking, and problem-solving as well as can teach one to be goal oriented and persistent. An important argument in this context is explaining that the most important is to use technologies moderately and block negative messages they can

Managing Operations Apple Inc Commerce Essay

Managing Operations Apple Inc Commerce Essay Apple Inc is a large multinational in the consumer electronic business that builds on its ability to innovate and use its strong flexibility in product development speed to create competitive capability in the market. Fortune named Apple as the most admired company in the world. However, Apple did not figure in the top ten companies on use of assets, social responsibility, and global competitiveness in this survey. This study explores the reasons for this insofar as they lie in management of operations in the company. A survey of literature reveals that there are few agreements on what constitutes lean or agile manufacturing and disagreement on the correct choice of operations management strategy. We examine whatever one can find in reports, literature, and the companys own publications and compare these to the gleanings from theory to arrive at some recommendations for Apple to consider for operations management strategy. Globalisation has increased complexity of supply chains that need to span several countries with diverse cultures, laws and regulations, and time zones. However, with increasing pressure on the need to conserve non-renewable sources of energy and to mitigate the impact of operations on the environment, globalisation is a process likely to reverse in the not so far future. Apple must prepare for this through innovative strategies in organisation and distribution. We recommend a strategy that simultaneously looks at lean when addressing use of resources and agile manufacturing in addressing customer needs, to meet competition on both, cost and product differentiation, fronts. In looking at lean manufacturing, we strongly recommend moderation in implementation to preserve flexibility and agility. Operations Management Apple Inc Contents Operations Management Apple Inc 1.0 Introduction Apple Inc is a large multinational in the consumer electronic business. The comment of James Collins, editor-in-chief of the T3 Consumer Gadgets Magazine, talking about the iPod exemplifies the image and sheer volume of market penetration achieved by the company; Collins says: Its cool across the board: everyone from my seven-year-old niece to my 60-year-old uncle has one. Norbert Reithofer, CEO of BMW adds to the image in his comment (in Bernasek, 2010): Apples customers are more than customers theyre fans. The whole world held its breath before the iPad was announced. Thats brand management at its very best. Apple builds on its ability to innovate and use its strong flexibility in product development speed to create capability in the market. Consider the fact that Apple introduced 7 different versions of its iPod within four and a half years of launch (Levy, 2006). Despite not being the first-to-market, it has used this capability to leverage its expertise in the iPod, iPhone, iTunes, iWorks suite of products and command a premium on all its products (Boddie, 2005). However, on the critical issues of use of assets, social responsibility, and global competitiveness it does not score favourably (money.cnn.com). As long as Apples products command a premium, and as long as it can continue introducing innovative new products this does not appear a serious concern. However, it is the contention of this report that despite these factors, Apple stands to gain tremendously by using modern operations management concepts such as Lean Manufacturing (which we alter to Lean And Green), Supply Chain Ma nagement, Quality Management etc. In this report, we look at these concepts in some detail to demonstrate how they can help Apple meet its commitments to its stakeholders and meet the need for Corporate Social Responsibility. 2.0 Background Apple Inc. (Apple) is a multinational consumer electronic corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California in America established in 1977. The company designs, manufactures, and sells hardware and software products for computers, entertainment, and portable music systems. Some of its best-known products include the iPod, the iPhone, its desktop and the MacBook Air line of laptops. Vital backup through software for computers and its iTunes virtual music store form important parts of its operations (google.com). Since its inception, the company did moderately well as a number of CEOs changed between 1977 and 1997 when Steve Jobs, the founder of the company, returned to take charge of the company. Steve has remained the CEO since then, except for short periods in 2004 and 2009 when Tim Cook charge during his absence on medical grounds. Since 1997, the company has grown phenomenally and presently employs 35,000 personnel and recorded revenue of $42.91 billion for the year ended September 26, 2009 (finance.yahoo.com). Young and Simon (2005) call Steves return and the growth of Apple following his return the greatest second act in the history of business in the subtitle of their book. Its stock prices dropped to a low of $82.33 on January 12, 2009 from the previous high of $193.91 on December 17, 2007 mostly in response to the economic turndown that affected all companies. Since then, the stock has risen steadily and traded at $226.60 on March 8, 2010 (ibid). Apple has established a unique image for itself through its characteristic advertising and the design of its products. The Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the world in 2009 (Colvin, 2009). Again, in 2010, Fortune named Apple as the most admired company in the world (money.cnn.com [b]), based on a survey among industry leaders using nine criteria. Importantly, from the viewpoint of this report, Apple did not figure in the top ten companies on counts of: Use of Assets, Social Responsibility, Financial Soundness, Long Term Investment, and Global Competitiveness It rated No.1 and No. 4 on Innovation and Product quality respectively. The same report records that Apple have so far sold 250 million iPods, 43 million iPhones, and 32 million iPod Touch, and introduced the game changing iPad portable computer. In 2006, the Mail on Sunday carried a report that alleged Apples contract manufacturers in China, Foxcom and Inventec, were using sweatshop conditions for the production of the iPod (mailonsunday.com); The Washington Post followed washingtonpost.com [a]). Apple took immediate action to investigate and correct the situation (washingtonpost.com [b]). 3.0 Theories of Operations Management In the emerging scenario for manufacturing enterprises, three trends evident are the deployment of technology and effort towards lean and green manufacturing, quality management (TQM) and the impact of globalisation on the thought processes of business. In the following passages, we draw on existing research to discuss the points of convergence and the conflicts between different approaches to operations management. 3.1 TQM and Lean Pettersen (2009) says that it is very difficult to find a definition of lean despite this being a popular management concept. Some authors have attempted to define the concept while others have questioned whether it is indeed possible to understand the meaning of lean management through a narrow and restrictive definition (ibid). This researcher (Pettersen, 2009) carried out detailed investigation of lean and its closest relative TQM that threw up a number of observations that help us understand the concept of lean and TQM. The most important observation is that the two groups [,] human relations management and supply chain management are not definable characteristics of lean they are important (although not vital) parts of the lean concept (ibid: 132). On the other hand, TQM sees employees as components in the production process that cannot be trusted to produce good quality and focuses on removing possibilities of human error from the system. In addition, this author finds diverge nce in the general opinion that lean implies waste reduction, and says that lean aims at two different types of goals; those that are internally focussed, and those that look outward. While internally focused initiatives may look at cost reduction the externally focused may seek a goal of higher customer satisfaction. In addition, Pettersen (2009) finds divergence in the opinion that lean is a set of practical waste-reduction tools compared to others who believe lean is a philosophical approach to operations management. In his discussion of the similarities and differences between lean and TQM Pettersen (2009) points out that in lean quality is a secondary consideration and decreasing cost through waste reduction is an important concept to lean with some research saying that waste reduction adds to customer value. Waste reduction is a significant aspect of TQM, but under the banner of poor-quality-costs (ibid: 134). Perspectives of the two systems also differ. TQM focuses on the int ernal structure of the organisation while lean sees the need to address the entire supply chain where the internal organisation is one part of a value-creating stream. Another major point of departure between TQM and lean is that TQM strongly emphasises investigation of customer requirements while lean does not emphasise this as strongly. However, there appears to be convergence in literature that lean manufacturing implies a constant focus on reducing waste of all types, i.e. waste of materials, time, equipment, space, inventories, and human effort across the entire supply chain (Corbett Klassen, 2006). This focus leads to management of operations in such a way that helps improve quality, reduce costs, and improved service to customers located all over the globe. Pettersen (2009) also points to the many similarities in the two systems of TQM and lean. Both see quality as the responsibility of senior management and focus on removing the human factor to reduce errors. This requires management to concentrate on analysing and improving processes and training people to achieve better quality and cost reduction. Both also focus on continuous improvement through learning with a small difference, TQM looks to stimulate creativity and learning for the individual and quality a result of individual efforts while lean emphasises standardisation of work and collective learning. Both TQM and lean see the importance of supplier and internal worker team participation through long-term partnerships. 3.2 Globalisation, Green and Supply Chain Management Globalisation, provided impetus by the information technology revolution and the lowering of trade and other barriers by nation states, has witnessed increased and free movement of capital and labour across national boundaries. For manufacturing operations, this has meant offshoring of production, inventories, and suppliers as firms look to find customers across the world and to benefit from the differences in economies, infrastructures, and the regulatory mechanisms that exist in different countries and regions (Manuj Mentzer, 2008). These authors state that firms have restructured their supply chains to operate on a global basis to take advantage of the international product, factor, and capital markets (Manuj Mentzer, 2008: 133). Therefore, we can see globalisation as a strong influence on revenue generation by enabling entry into new markets and finding vendors who can supply goods of the same quality at cheaper prices and improved logistics for existing markets. Continuing tre nds since the last few years have seen companies shift their entire manufacturing lines to regions that offer competitive facilities to reduce manufacturing costs. These processes come with some serious downsides also as evident from the complexity of management of a supply chain that extends across several countries that have different laws and regulations, time zones, and cultures. In their drive to outsource production many companies, including Apple, find themselves accused of adopting work and labour practices completely unacceptable to western sensibilities but which are okay in those countries. In this last statement, we hasten to add, there is a fallacy in that it is not the acceptability of sweatshops in the host countries of the subsidiaries but more a question of poor monitoring and governance. An added dimension is the increasing stakeholder pressure to ensure sustainability of operations through restraints on the use of non-renewable natural resources, and controlling pollution and emissions that lead to climate change (Sarkis, 2001; Kovacs, 2008). This pressure to go green requires firms to work with their suppliers and customers to change production processes and promote recycling. Within the organisation, firm now need to analyse their operations and processes, and assume extended stewardship through the entire life cycle of their products to diminish impact on the natural environment through changes that reflect a positive attitude toward corporate social responsibility (Corbett Klassen, 2006). The difficulty remains on how to measure the environmental impact of the operations of a firm as no metrics, except for the ISO 14000 standard. This standard sets out the procedures for identifying environmental aspects of site operations, safe handling and disposal procedures for hazardous materials and waste, and compliance with relevant environmental legislation (Corbett Kirsch, 2001), but does little to provide a metric for measuring the environmental footprint of a multinational and multi-location firm. Where companies deploy outsourcing as a strategy they may face resistance from suppliers reluctant to adopt green practices as they see these as time consuming and expensive (Larson Greenwood, 2004) and requiring high upfront investment for changing manufacturing technologies on which the return on investment is low (Rothenberg et al, 2001). In implementing greener manufacturing firms need to look beyond mere cost efficiencies because such initiatives deliver benefits difficult to quantify into money earned, but are substantial nevertheless (Larson Greenwood, 2004). Friedman (2008) points to the example of Wal-Mart who found that their lean and green initiatives improved financial performance and earned them respect from customers. This respect translates to customer preference to buy from environmentally responsible firms and pay a price premium, which can finally influence the bottom line positively. However, having considered that going green holds a number of potential benefits for the firm; it is understandable that global suppliers, not into retailing, may not find these as plausible reasons to make investments for converting to a greener manufacturing technology. Gattiker et al (2008: 28) say that [. . .] it is difficult to ask suppliers to engage in environmental practices when the buying organization lacks (or is perceived to lack) environmental commitment and concrete practices. Thus, buyers may need to get their own house in order before requiring the same of suppliers, or vice versa. In the considerations that we have discussed above, one can see numerous conflicts that may arise. For example, lean manufacturing requires movement of materials within the supply chain based on demand. Earlier concepts of safety stocks, bulk purchases to avail discounts, and inventory holding have become passà © as firms focus on Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management. However, this requires purchase, production, packaging, and transport of ever reducing batches of materials that can adversely affect the green approach. Christopher and Lee (2004) discuss this conflict at length to conclude that, in the context of global supply chains, lean manufacturing results in longer lead times and more inventories that contradicts lean management principles. In this, they extend the findings of an earlier research by Levy (1995) that concluded that globalisation of the supply chain results in higher levels of pollution because of the longer transport routes and smaller batches. Rothenberg et al. (2001), in their investigation of the automobile industry, also point to the fact that implementation of lean processes, waste reduction measures do not add to environmental performance or pollution reduction, and that the relation is negative. This contradiction requires the firm to rethink its approach to overcome the negatives of JIT operations and find innovative solutions that may involve re-useable packaging and reduced container sizes and product mix to decrease package volume. It is difficult to identify such strategies for global supply chains. 4.0 Operations Management Theories and Apple Inc How Apple manages its global supply chains is not readily discernible from company literature and research documents. The only mention found is on page 16 of the Industrial Engineer magazine that quotes Mike Janes talking of Tim Cook the fill-in chief executive of Apple in the absence of Steve Jobs away on medical leave. Mike says, Supply chain management, which seems so incredibly unsexy, is very sexy when you look at your bank account and you have managed the product transitions perfectly. Thats the thing that Tim is absolutely a master at. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Tim is an amazing, brilliant mind when it comes to operational excellence and is really a master of execution Tim Cook is right at the top of the list. Apple enjoys a unique position in the market in that it does not look to measure and investigate customer requirements but looks to create customer needs by offering innovative and feature-rich products, which at first sight the customer do not require but soon become a need through use of the product. Another issue that most research in the area of operations management seen in the light of globalisation and environmental pressures misses is the need to think local while going global. The reducing quantities of available natural resources, especially oil, and the disagreement on use of nuclear energy, the only viable alternative and increasing pressure on issues related to climate change require companies to rethink their strategies. Apple, in its manufacturing processes emitted 3.87 million tonnes of greenhouse gases in 2010, added to this is the 5.40 million tonnes that the use of their products by their customers added to the burden. These together represent 91% of the total emissions of pollutants for which Apple is responsible (apple.com[a]). While Apple, in various statements on its website, says that they are taking proactive action on these issues and are industry leaders in this respect, we believe Apple has to keep an eye on the future and use its strengths of innovation and agile management to initiate action that will help it and the industry. Steve Jobs says that Apple is far ahead of competitors in these areas and by 2010 Apple will be recycling about 28% of its product in America compared to Dell or HP who achieve about 10%. A reason behind this, Steve explains, is the use of high quality materials that recyclers look for (apple.com[b]). Apple has taken a number of actions on its own and in compliance with government regulations to mitigate its impact on the environment. Some of the salient actions are the phasing out of lead batteries in 1991, stoppage of use of CFCs in manufacturing, and implementation of the ISO 14000 quality standards in 1996 (apple.com[e]). In 2000, all its manufacturing sites were ISO 14001 certified (calrecycle.ca.gov). 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations Morrison (2010) uses an analysis of the success factors at Apple to recommend a set of four mantras that other companies could emulate. The first is that one needs to avoid following the herd, a strategy Apple adopted in avoiding the building of a miniature laptop and instead came out with the ultra-thin Air, a product in line with the Apple image. Next, he says is that a company should not back out from fights it can win, a strategy Apple displayed when it pulled NBCs television programs from the iTunes Store in 2007. NBC backed off within days and now other media companies hesitate to face Apple on pricing. Third, says Morrison is to flatten hierarchies within the organisation, as deep vertical structures tend to dither when it is time to act. Finally, and most relevantly to the context to quality management, Apple has never looked at market research or to emulate its competitors but goes by its own feel to create products like the iPod and the iPhone, which create their own market . While several companies have adopted some of these strategies, none of them has used all four together. The result is the spate of innovative products that make Apple the most valued company in the world. Morrison says Apples culture has codified a habit that is especially valuable for firms that make physical things: Stop, step back from your product, and take a closer look. Without worrying about how much work youve already put into it, is it really as good as it could be? Apple asks that question constantly. Hallgren and Olhager (2009) find that in intensely competitive markets, the firm has the option of choosing to distinguish itself on price or on product differentiation, and the choice of operations management must align with the chosen strategy. Lean management is good where the firms aims at cost leadership where processes are repetitive, require adherence to predetermined schedules, a steady flow through the production process. Conversely, where high customisation, changing variety of products, and agility to introduce new products is the determinant of competitive strategy, the firm should choose agile manufacturing. Examining the internal and external factors these researchers (ibid) use a comprehensive review of literature that lean and agile manufacturing differ in the results, one helps cost leadership and the other can significantly raise costs to obtain agility. Examining the case of Apple, it is evident that the correct strategy must consist of agile manufacturing. However , we do not agree with Hallgren and Olhager (2009) that lean and agile are mutually exclusive strategies. In this, we find support in the earlier work of Katayama and Bennett (1999) who proposed that a combination of lean and agile is mandatory for long-term competitiveness. These writers see the need for a firm to think lean when addressing resources and agile when looking to build capabilities to meet customer requirements. We recommend this strategy to Apple. Chen et al (2009) discuss lean concepts and point to potential pitfalls that an overzealous implementation can cause. They emphasise that lean management aims to eliminate waste, effectively manage personnel, distribute design among entities that are best at each stage, work with the supply chain, manage customers, and wisely manage the organizations finances. Their (ibid) paper draws attention to the fact that in addressing elimination of waste the firm may risk elimination of creative time that is so essential for innovation. Focussing on short-term value creation through cost reductions may threaten competitive ability that can only come through radical and disruptive innovations. Similarly, when a company focuses on building a lean supply chain they risk disruptions of the processes that late or faulty shipments and failure of any of the links in the supply chain (Chen et al, 2009).In these warnings, we see echoes of the very strengths that Apple relies on to lead competition. Using the recommendations of Chen et al (2009), we can see that in order to derive maximum benefit from lean operations Apple needs to maintain a high flexibility and agility in its design and manufacturing capabilities linked to the innovative spirit exemplified in its motto Think Different. However, this does not imply that Apple has no use of the concept of lean; it is through careful and moderate application of its principles that the company can build strength to meet the stress of economic and political disruptions, and most vitally meet the growing competition brought about by rapid globalisation. Word Count: 3483

Benefits of the world Trade Organization Essay -- essays research pape

Benefits of the World Trade Organization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the biggest firms associated with globalization is the World Trade Organization. The World Trade Organization is the only international body that deals with the rules of trading between nations. It has evolved over the past half century into an entity that contract with the trade of services, intellectual property as well as its original intent of the trade of goods. The WTO controls most trade in the world today through over 100 countries, and even more on the way. The World Trade Organization is beneficial economically and we should support its principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The original and main goal of the WTO is to remove trade barriers between countries, which is a major idea behind globalization. Anyone who knows the slightest bit of economics knows that trade is beneficial to a country as a whole. When free trade is allowed it opens up foreign markets for domestic producers. It also opens up the possibility of foreign competition in domestic markets. This fact will lead to the reduction in price of many products, which will benefit the consumer. Trade restrictions hurt the consumer, and this is a problem that the WTO is charged with addressing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the 1980’s when Japanese cars were quickly gaining a foothold in the American market the US limited the number of imports from Japan, in theory to protect the American worker. In response to this, car prices rose extremely. If the imports were to be allowed into the United States it would no doubt have a short-term negative effect on the economy. This would all change however when a shift in the economy occurred or the American producers were forced to make better products which in the end will benefit the costumer. The long-term benefits, although hard to see by many politicians, would benefit our country in the long run.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The WTO also makes life much simpler for companies wishing to import raw materials from outside of the United States in order to make finished goods through Non-discrimination. If the WTO did not exist then the United States in all likelihood would have different import duties applying to different nations. Therefore if a company from the US wanted to import a raw material it would not be a simple case of... ... the numerous obstacles that only the larger firms were equipped to maneuver around in China. Thus all businesses working from within the United States will have the fair opportunity to extend their reach into China. China will also receive the same benefits once it enters the WTO and will be able to sell its products much easier to member countries. This fact will help the Chinese worker because member countries will tend not to buy Chinese goods if they know they were made in sweat shops or other places hurtful to the workers. The WTO will recognize this fact too and force China to provide better working conditions for its workers. The World Trade Organization’s principles should be supported and embraced. The WTO is a large step in the right direction to globalization. The long term benefits of free trade far outweigh only argument critics can come up with, which are short-term economic losses. The WTO is structured in a way that every member country is treated fairly and if not they can safely argue and settle disputes. The potential for new markets for all business world-wide are also great, and this in itself should be enough for any person to agree with its necessity.

Experimental Confirmation Concerning a Widespread Misconception

Title The Photoelectric Effect – Experimental confirmation concerning a widespread Misconception in the Theory Gao Shenghan 1, Huan Yan Qi 1, Wang Xuezhou 1, Darren Wong 2, Paul Lee 2 and Foong See Kit 2 1 Raffles Institution, One Raffles Institution Lane, Singapore 575954 2 Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616 Abstract The photoelectric effect is a well-known and widely taught field in many schools and institutions, yet it has been shown through theoretical arguments that there is a common error in the theory in which this topic is learnt and taught.The common theory is that the energy of the incoming photons must be greater than the work function of the emitter, and also that the difference between the energy of the photon and the work function of the emitter must be greater than the voltage applied between the emitter and collector multiplied by the elementary charge. This paper provides experimental evidence for the correct interpretation of the photoelectric effect in order to correct the misconception.In this paper, it was experimentally determined that both the work functions of the emitter and the collector metals must be taken into account in order for a current to be detected, contrary to conventional theory. Introduction The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon in which electrons are liberated from matter as a result of electromagnetic radiation being shone onto it. Generally, the phenomenon is only investigated in metals as they require lower energy from the radiation. The photoelectric effect was first discovered by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 and was explained by Albert Einstein in 1905.Einstein’s model quantized light as photons, each with energy E=h? where h is the Planck’s constant and ? is the frequency. Einstein also introduced the work function ? of a material, defined as the minimum amount of energy needed in order to liberate an electro n from the material. Through this model, the characteristic photoelectric equation eVs=h? -? can be derived where Vs is the stopping voltage. Eisntein’s explanation and relations of the photoelectric effect, shown below, has been taught in many schools all around the world today and is widely known. Theory In this section we present the derivation of the photoelectric equation eVs=h? ?. From the definition of ? , it follows that once an electron has been liberated, it has a maximum possible kinetic energy of h? -?. This also implies that h? >? for a liberation of electron. When an external voltage V is applied across the metals, there is a potential difference between the plates and thus when the electron needs KE>eV in order to to reach the collector plate. Combining the two relations, we get h? -? >eV. In the equality case, we call the voltage Vs, which is the is the minimum amount of voltage needed to be applied such that no current is recorded. ‘Conventional’ understanding of the photoelectric effect: Alternative’ understanding of the photoelectric effect: The above section uses the work function ? e referred to that of the emitter material, even when the emitter and collector are made of different materials. However, this is incorrect, and the derivation is shown below: When an electron is just emitted from surface of the emitter, it has potential energy ? e above the ground energy state. Conversely, when an electron is just emitted from surface of the collector, it has potential energy ? c. Hence, if ? e c, we note that there will be a potential energy difference of ? c-? e, even if there is no external voltage applied.This is known as the contact potential. ?c ?e ?c-? e Potential Energy Emitter Collector Figure 1: Energy diagram without an external voltage ?c ?e ?c-? e Potential Energy Emitter Collector Figure 1: Energy diagram without an external voltage Once a potential difference of V is applied between the two plates, ther e is an additional potential energy difference of eV. Collector ?e Potential Energy Emitter ?c ?c-? e+eV eV Figure 2: Energy diagram with an external voltage applied Collector ?e Potential Energy Emitter ?c ?c-? e+eV eV Figure 2: Energy diagram with an external voltage appliedHence, in the process of calculation, the difference in potential energy of the two plates is not eV, but instead ? c-? e+eV. Thus, replacing this into the Einstein equation, we get eVs=h? -? c. Hypothesis The two requirements for a current to be detected in a photoelectric effect experiment are: 1. h? >? e 2. h? -? c>eV Instead of the commonly-quoted: 1. h? >? e 2. h? -? e>eV Objective To provide actual experimental confirmation of the proposed model, in addition to the currently-available purely theoretical arguments, in order to determine the correct explanation for the photoelectric effect Apparatus and methodologyOverview The experiment consists of a vacuum chamber with thin Zn and Ni plates placed close t ogether but not touching. UV light was shone onto one of the metal plates and the resulting voltage between the two plates was measured. The materials of the emitter and the collector were changed, as well as the potential difference applied across the two plates. I-V curves were plotted and the results analysed. Experimental setup A cylindrical vacuum chamber at was pressure 1. 5? 10-2 mbars was used. The emitter and collector plate were placed in the vacuum chamber and were held up using polycarbonate discs, rods and metal rods.The metal plates were placed with the surfaces parallel to each other at a fixed distance of 1. 0 cm apart. The surfaces of the plates were sandpapered after each trial. The overall setup of the circuit is shown in Figure 8. Crocodile clips were then used to connect the emitter and collector to the external circuit which can be seen in Figure 9. A window made of sapphire glass was constructed in order to let UV light enter the chamber (Figure 6). This was a ligned with the metal plates such that the emitter received as much light as possible.A UV light source was placed directly outside the sapphire window and shone UV light onto the emitter plate. The measurements from these two voltmeters will then be used to plot an I-V curve for each of the configurations: Zinc-Zinc, Nickel-Nickel, Zinc-Nickel, Nickel-Zinc. In each of the above cases, the emitter is named before the collector. Figure 3: Vacuum chamber 3 4 5 6 Figure 3: Vacuum chamber 3 4 5 6 Figure 6: Sapphire window used to let UV light into the chamber Figure 6: Sapphire window used to let UV light into the chamber Figure 7: UV Light used Figure 7: UV Light used Figure 4: Close-up of polycarbonate disc, rod and metal rodFigure 4: Close-up of polycarbonate disc, rod and metal rod Figure 5: Close-up of the two metal plates Figure 5: Close-up of the two metal plates Figure 8: Overall view of setup Figure 8: Overall view of setup Figure 9: Circuit used for measurement of voltage and current Figure 9: Circuit used for measurement of voltage and current Wangxuezhou Results & Discussion Zn-Zn measurements Figure 10: I-V Graph for the Zn-Zn setup The nonzero photocurrent as measured at 0 V of applied voltage shows that the photon of the UV light has sufficient energy to cause emission of electrons from the Zn plate.Therefore this implies h? >? Zn. In particular, we see that: h? -eVstopping? 6. 63? 10-341. 60? 10-193. 00? 108254? 10-9-1. 10 ? 3. 88eV Zn Ni-Ni measurements The results for this setup produced values of zero photocurrent for all possible applied voltages. This means that the UV photon has less energy than the work function of Ni, in other words, h?